Consumer buying behaviour in Thailand

Consumer buying behaviour in Thailand The telephone took four decades to reach 50 million people The Internet has managed this within four years as digital technologies provide such efficient channels for business and consumer interaction transactions The Internet has changed people lifestyle; it became apart of people daily life. They use internet to replace their common activities such as E-mail instead of writing letter, MSN chat and Skype instead of using telephone, YouTube instead of watching TV. Therefore, many organisations tried to use Internet as a new way to reach their customers which called E-marketing. E-marketing is a new marketing strategy using to reach many consumers at low cost. It can be used to interact with customer 24hrs a day, 7days a week without any additional cost. Consumer can get information about products any times, any places. According to Seock and Norton (2007), consumer channel choices for shopping had been widened because of diffusion of the Internet: causing everything that happens to sales in electronic form or what it realized as online shopping. 84 per cent of global consumers have experience purchasing over the internet (Nielsen, 2008). Number of Thais internet usage rate is increasing everyday. There are many internet service providers offer high speed internet. Most of Thais are familiar with using internet in playing game, social network like Facebook, twitter but number of online purchasing is very low. Comparing between European and Western to Thai, the number of online purchasing is very different. Online purchasing is still very limited for Thais. They are not familiar with buying things online. Thai consumers love to see and touch and feel the product before making any purchasing decision. With brand name product, consumers seem to have a high involvement because its impossible for them to buy without seeing the real product. They also have very limited knowledge to buy thing online as they are afraid to share important information online such as their bank account, there personal data or their credit card number. At the same time, the number of Thai website that offers online service is very rare. Therefore there is opportunity to introduce this service for Thais. This research attempts at learning why Thais consumer do not want to buying brand name online. The aim of this research is to learn what Thai consumer perception toward buying brand name online is and what factors effect their decision making. What Thai consumers characteristic make a brand name online shopping. The area of this research will focus mainly on Thai consumers in Thailand. The research objective will be divided into five main areas: To investigate Thai consumer buying making decision toward online shopping. To investigate Thai consumers experience on shopping online. To investigate Thai consumers perception toward buying brand name online. To identify the most important factors in the buying decision making on online shopping in Thailand To investigate Thai consumer demographic characteristic who make online shopping. In research methodology, we will try to achieve the objective by using quantitative research through online questionnaire. The result of research will help researcher in order to achieve the objective that has been set and help us to determine Thai consumer behavior and perception toward buying online. Literature Review In this part, the researcher would like to divide into two parts: The first part will explain a character of consumer behavior towards high involvement such as buying brand name product, what factors effect them to buy online, and consumers perception toward brand. The second part will clarify the characteristic of online marketing in Thailand. Involvement Some products, such as high-performance car seem inherently involving because of their complexity, risk and cost, while others, such as toothpaste seem uninvolving by comparison because of their familiarity, low risk and low cost Laakasonen (1994) Therefore, buying brand name online is like a high-performance car because is too complex (untouchable product) and risky (fake product), this will make consumer spend more time in order to search information before making a decision. Moreover, a consumers level of involvement depends on their individual interests, value of products, needs, which attract or motivate them. Involvement is commonly defined as the consumers personal interest in buying or using an item from a given product field, an approach which nicely summarizes the personal, product and situational components of the relationship (Evan et al,. 2009). Factor Customer satisfaction seems to be a key major to influence consumer-buying decision. Customer satisfaction can be the most important reason for customers deciding to make a repeat purchase, and telling their friends about their satisfaction (Palmer 2000). If online shop can make customers believed that their shop has good quality product, secure, and friendly, this would help their shop gain more new customers. Not only online shops give customer a good quality product, but they should also give them equity. Oliver (1997) defined equity as a fairness, rightness or deservingness judgment that consumers make in reference to what others receive; it is also considered as an important determinant of satisfaction. With these product quality and equity, this would make customers satisfy and motivate them to make a repurchase. Brand Brand image seems to be an important for online market area because brand helps consumer make buying decision and it creates a credibility of online shop. Rio del B. et al. (2001) defined brand as the set of associations and behaviors on the part of a brands customers, channel membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and that gives that brand a strong, sustainable, and differential advantage over competitors. In Thailand, the customers perception toward brand product equate to high price, which in turn dampens their willingness to make decision toward buying brand name online. Online market It seems to be that now the market channel has been classified into two main channels that are online channels and offline channels or we called traditional channels. Offline channels, consumers reduce of risk on shopping because they can have a physical interaction with products, when compared to online channels. According to Brown et al. (2003), Whilst shopping online allows the exchanging of value and productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by using computer as a medium of transaction transference. In Thailand, it seems to be that now Thai consumers still like to buy products from offline channel or in shopping mall due to online channel still do not have a good credibility. Thai online retailer should have to create credibility and trust to consumer in order to make them believe that Thai online channel is secure (Mict 2010). It seems to be that in Thailand, many of online retailers seem not to register for doing their business compare to Western country. Moreover, Thailand online payment still unsecure, this make Thai online consumers do not want to take risk on payment that is why they prefer to touch and see product before making buying decision. The key concerns that consumers have over the online purchasing trends are security of the privacy or financial which relatively unsecure once online payment has been made, such as credit card fraud (Harridge 2006). Moreover, Roman and Cuestas (2008) stated that security on online transaction is need to be strict as to gain trust i n the mind of shoppers regarding their online financial transaction made with the site will be safe form unauthorized access. Research Question This research has focused on four main research questions as follows: Who are online stores target customers in Thailand? What is the perception of Thai customers toward online shopping? What factors affect Thai consumers purchasing decisions? Which is the most important factor that influences Thai consumers purchasing brand name online? Research Method Research method helps online retailer know which strategies they should use to influence consumer buying decision. Research method can be classified into two types that are Quantitative research and Qualitative research. Both of them have different pros and cons, which researcher will discuss more in detail later on. Data can be collected in variety of ways, in different settings-field or lab-and from different sources. Choosing methodology is up to what paradigms the researcher adopts. There are two main paradigms or philosophies, which are positivist and phenomological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The alternative terms for positivist are quantitative, objectivist, experimentalist, and traditionalist. The other terms for phenomenological are qualitative, subjectivist, humanistic, and interprevist. There are several data collection methods, each with their own advantage and disadvantages. The research method that researcher will use is Quantitative research, focusing on the survey method. Now, researcher should think about what types of questionnaire should be used, such as mail questionnaire, electronic questionnaire, and personal questionnaire. In this report, due to time limitation, it seems to be that the used of electronic questionnaire or online questionnaire will be more suitable and take less time, cost, and can expand very quickly in order to collect data than other quantitative research. After researcher has chosen a specific method, researcher will make a questionnaire by using pilot test in to make sure that all questions can be understand by respondent. If questionnaires have any errors or respondents hard to understand, researcher can improve before using to the target audiences. Researcher has specific target to make a research that is a Thai consumer age between 18 and 35 years old and compare between teenager (18-27) and middle age (28-35). A sample size that researcher expect to have is minimum 100 respondents, the questionnaire will be distributed through email and social networks to 200 respondent who have use internet. In order to make data collection, we will use both primary and secondary data. The secondary data will used on book, journal, article, and commercial online database provide from the website (Mintel, or Google Shcolar). Website offering information for a fee, almost every industry association, government agency, business publication, and news medium offers free information to those tenacious enough to find their website (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The use of secondary provides a good start for research and define problem and objective. This helps researcher in order to find an objective for consumer buying decision and perception toward online brand name in Thailand. Secondary data helps researcher to better understand and indicated what has been missing form the current online business in Thailand. Moreover, it helps researcher to develop hypotheses and objective of the study. For primary data, a survey research has been chosen as a method of conducting a research, because survey was available to large number of population. As a time limitation, using questionnaire can help researcher save time and cost. After we already collect data from questionnaire, then we can identify that questionnaire is validity, reliability, and genalisability or not. Roadblock There might have some limitations when make a research, due to limit of time and budget cost. Moreover, the respondents are required to have a computer access to be able to take part in this research. Discussion To sum up, researcher believed that this research will help us to know more about Thai consumers behavior and perception toward online brand name store. The use of secondary data helps researcher can set a research question in order to collect a primary data. However, researcher has to select which research method would like to use in order to collect primary data. As a result, a good method in this report is Quantitative research by using questionnaire to collect primary data. By using questionnaire, it will help researcher to collect data and can analyses about Thai consumers. Due to time limitation of research, the used of questionnaire will helps us to save cost and time. The questionnaire has been sent to 200 via e-mail and social network in order to collect minimum 100 respondents. Researcher believed that the primary data that we collect can help to do finding and analyses on Thai consumers buying behavior and perception toward online brand name. Moreover, to learn more what f actor can influence Thai consumer in order to purchase brand name online.

How Is Conflict Presented in Bayonet Charg Essay

Conflict often has harmful effects, including causing death and destruction, so it is usually viewed negatively. However, conflict can also bring out positive traits in people, and the people involved in it may be respected. â€Å"Bayonet Charge† imagines a soldier’s experience in battle. â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade† recounts the story of the charge made by the Light Brigade in the Battle of Balaclava. Language One way conflicted is presented in â€Å"Bayonet Charge† is through the use of language. The language used, portrays the soldier and his actions/movements. Ted Hughes uses sibilance to portray the soldier’s actions as well as feelings. For example, â€Å"raw-seamed hot khaki, his sweat heavy Stumbling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The use of sibilance here mimics the squelching mud. The repetitive‘s’ sounds recreates an image of the soldier walking through mud. The word ‘khaki’ suggests that the person being described is a soldier as it is normally associated with the military uniforms. The word ‘heavy’ suggests that the soldier is uncomfortable and his movements are unnatural. The word ‘stumbling’ suggests that the soldier is disoriented and could also suggest that his movements are clumsy. Another way language is used to present conflict is through the use of similes. For example, â€Å"Sweating like molten iron from the centre of his chest†. The phrase ‘molten iron’ suggests a burning, abject terror at the heart of his being. On the other hand, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† uses metaphors such as â€Å"Valley of Death† to present conflict. This phrase forebodes the charge as it makes it sound certain that the soldiers are going to die. It also suggests the commander has made a mistake as he has sent them into the ‘valley of death’. This makes the soldiers more courageous as they are marching into their own deaths. It also creates the allusion to psalm, where faith instils courage in the face of death. Another way language is used to present conflict is through the use of rhetorical questions. For example, â€Å"was there a man dismay’d?† The rhetorical question implies unequivocal bravery and shows the gallant nature of the men. It shows that they were used to obeying orders and leaving the thinking to their generals. Structure/Form The form and the structure of the poems also plays a part in getting the message across to the reader. â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† has a clear and powerful rhythm and rhyme scheme that suggest the energy of the battle. The Light Brigade’s determined gallop towards its destruction is emphasised, by repetition, from the first two lines of the first stanza of the poem: â€Å"Half a league, half a league,/ Half a league onward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Once the order has been given, the fate of the men was sealed – they had no choice but to follow their terrible destiny to its conclusion. The weapons they faced are also repeated, sometimes with slight variations, for example, â€Å"Cannon to the right of them, / Cannon to the left of them,† to emphasise the danger faced by the cavalry and their great bravery. Repetition creates a sense of impatience to enter battle and bravery in the face of danger. Alfred Tennyson uses dactylic trimester to mimicking the stea dy galloping of their horses. The stresses also create a â€Å"falling rhythm† which symbolises the soldiers who will fall. The poet has written the poem in 6 irregular lined stanzas. This could be to show the unpredictability of war. The word â€Å"Cannons† has been used as an anaphora for three lines which emphasises the fact soldiers are surrounded and can’t escape. The sheer amount of cannons blocks their vision therefore suggesting they couldn’t anticipate the attack. The form of the poem is a narrative story. This is because the poet is describing the attack to his audience. â€Å"Bayonet Charge† uses onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance and the senses to bring the images described to life. â€Å"Stumbling across†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is an awkward line to read, which evokes the sensation of running across a muddy field. The use of enjambment throughout the poem quickens the pace and emphasises urgency and unpredictability of war. The use of medial caesuras achieves a variety of effects, from reflecting the soldier’s tiredness to deliberately making the action feel like slow motion. The use of iambic pentameter in some lines helps the poems flow and recreates a heartbeat

A Critique of the Qualitative Research Essay

Beatrice J. Kalisch, PhD, RN, FAAN, reports her qualitative study â€Å"Missed Nursing Care† on medical-surgical units in the Journal of Nursing Care Quality. In the article, † Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study,† the researcher helps us understand what nursing care regularly missed on medical-surgical unit and what are the reasons nursing staff give for not completing these aspects of care. The reader will examine her use of grounded theory qualitative research method based on the guidelines provided by Geri LoBiondo-Wood and Judith Haber (2014). This research report will be analyzed using the criteria found in the Critiquing Criteria box on p. 135-136 in Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest In Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, the authors define phenomena as those things that are perceived by our senses (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). The research clearly states the phenomenon of internet in the introduction, â€Å"†¦specific aspects of nursing care missed routinely and nursing staff reasons why these elements of care are prioritized as less important than others† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306). Beatrice Kalisch (2006) used the qualitative research method because the she had to discover information about her phenomenon from nurses experiences in their medical-surgical units. Kalisch (2006) explained, â€Å"A literature search revealed a lack of studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  about â€Å"The specific aspects of missed nursing care† and â€Å"the association between less staffing and the negative outcomes† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306). The researcher realizes current relationship between nursing staff and poor patient outcomes. Kalisch found there was a gap and wanted to discover what â€Å"the missing nursing care† was and why it is missing. Kalisch helps her audience understand the philosophical underpinnings by explaining the utility of grounded theory in phenomenal  sense making. The authors of Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice differentiate ground theory from other qualitative research methods by stating that ground theory focus on process. The research identifies the process elements of her phenomenon rather than just describing it (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p.153). Purpose Kalisch tells the reader the purpose in her first line of her abstract which is â€Å"†¦to determine nursing care regularly missed on medical-surgical units and reason for missed care† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306). ). Kalisch conveyed to the reader, â€Å"Ensuring quality nursing care and patient safety is a major challenge facing nurses and nurse leaders today† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306). Thus, this research is done to discover what can change nursing practice to ensure better patient outcomes. Method The authors of Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice defines grounded theory as â€Å"different types of qualitative research method in that it goes beyond the traditional methods of phenomenology and ethnography, which focus on the process that is at the heart of the inquiry† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p.154). According to Glaser and Strauss (1967), grounded theory method was â€Å"developed originally as a sociologist’s tool† and Denzin and Lincoln (1998) add â€Å"researchers†¦use the grounded theory method when they are interested in social process from the perspective of human interactions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 116). Kalisch analyzed social process among nurses who are divided by job title into focus groups. She properly use grounded theory method to discover the phenomenon and collect data for the stated purpose. However, it is unclear if the study followed the guidelines of the grounded theor y method. Sampling In Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice, LoBiondo-Wood and Haber (2014) explains â€Å"In qualitative studies, the researchers are usually looking for purposive sampling†¦a particular kind of person who can illuminate the phenomenon they want to study† (p. 100). The reader knows Kalisch (2006) purpose is about the views of nurses on medical-surgical units, and the author does interviews with â€Å"A total of 107 registered nurses, 15 licensed practical nurses, and 51 nursing assistants, working in  medical-surgical patient care units†¦Ã¢â‚¬  from two different hospitals (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306). These nurses live the experiences of â€Å"missed nursing care† and can shed light on why care is missed on medical-surgical unit; therefore, they are an appropriate sample for this phenomenon of study. However, Kalisch could made a stronger sample for the grounded theory method if she included the words â€Å"purposive sample† , explained why this group of nursing staff was chosen, and given details about the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the sample (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 100). Data Collection The description of data collection lacks details in Kalisch (2006). The reader knows the author interviewed â€Å"25 focus groups† using â€Å"semistructured design and each interview â€Å"lasted 90-120 minutes† and the interviewees â€Å"were asked to commit to confidentiality† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 306-7). The data collection did include human experience which was the nursing staff. Though the author states asking the interviewees to â€Å"commit to confidentiality†, but this is not enough to protect them from disclosure. In addition, data saturation isn’t confirmed and little known about the data collection process. The author should have stated during the interviews â€Å"nothing new is emerging† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 101). Furthermore, the author should included clues about questions that were asked and if anything collected from the interviews focused her study. Data Analysis The author used â€Å"qualitative analysis software† to apply â€Å"a grounded theory approach by which empirical data are thematically categorized by induction† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 307). There are two analyses of the â€Å"tape-recorded, fully transcribed† interviews, and â€Å"to be included as a theme, supporting data had to be contained†¦ in all of the focus groups† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 307). The reader identifies the research to be true to data because, as the two analyses â€Å"extracted the same issues from the empirical material† (Kalischp. 307). Trustworthiness, known as rigor for qualitative research, is established through credibility, auditability, and fittingness, none of which is communicated by Kalisch (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 126). Credibility requires that the â€Å"informants recognize the experience to be their own† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 155). The author never discussed  taking the themes obtained fro m the interviews back to the nurses to allow the interviewees the opportunity to confirm the findings. Nor does the author give any indication that enough time was allowed for full understanding of the phenomenon. Auditability requires that others, â€Å"not engaged in the research, be able to follow the auditrial of the primary researcher† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 155). The author should have described data saturation as mentioned previously. In the data analyses section of Kalisch (2006) the author mentioned grounded theory method was used for extraction of themes from the interviews. However, the reader doesn’t know the systematic process used, if there was â€Å"open coding† and â€Å"constant comparative method† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 117). The neglect of giving the step-by-step process inhibits the reader’s ability to follow the thinking of the researcher. Fittingness is the â€Å"criterion that provides the reader with an opportunity to determine the usefulness of the data outside of the study† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p.156). The reader knows the author chose grounded theory method appropriately for the purpose of Kalisch (2006); however, because of missing information the reader is unsure if this is study is repeated in other hospitals or other units if the same themes would evolve (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 117-120). If the author gave the systematic process the study could be replicated. This necessary information would allow wider application to other professions. Findings The author gives great details in the findings section of Kalisch (2006) allowing the reader â€Å"to apprehend the essences of the experience† (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010, p. 130). Use of quotes from the interviews allowed the reader to understand how the themes emerged (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010, p. 108). The author’s conceptualizations are sincere to the findings. The â€Å"Nine elements of regularly missed nursing care†¦and 7 themes relative to the reasons for missing this care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  described in Kalisch (2006) abstract is clearly defined throughout the findings section (p. 306-310). Additionally, in the discussion section the author relates the findings to the literature review (Kalisch, 2006, p. 310-311). The author discussed how other research â€Å"corroborate[d] these findings† and â€Å"many studies have pointed to the relationship between number of patients per nurse and  negative outcomes† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 311). Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations In the implication section, the author expresses the use of her findings to change nursing practice and â€Å"decrease the problem of missed nursing care† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 312). The author continues to maintain confidence about her findings in the conclusion, â€Å"it is clear that nurses are often distracted for care†¦and should be engaged in delegation training and performance follow-up† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 312). Yet, the author declares a need for further research because â€Å"only 2 facilities† were studied and â€Å"additional studies are needed to determine the validity of these findings† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 312). The author recommends implications for nursing practice by the details to examine this phenomenon on their unit by doing â€Å"root cause and other analyses†¦to determine the causes of the problem and strategies to address them† (Kalisch, 2006, p. 312). Plus, the author gives suggestions about â€Å"development of a tool to measure missed care† and questions to answer in future research. After scrutiny of Kalisch (2006) the reader has an understanding the author used qualitative, grounded theory method to study â€Å"missed nursing care† and â€Å"staff reasons why† they were missed. However, before application of these findings the reader should conduct more research and more analyses because Kalisch (2006) findings are not conclusive. Also, the reader would have to do more literature review or even contact author if possible to gain more knowledge about her process of sampling, collection and analyses so the study can be repeated and validity of the findings can be affirmed. References Denzin, N.K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1998). The landscape of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine. Kalisch, B.J. (2006). Missed Nursing Care: A qualitative study. Journal of nursing care quality, 21(4), 306-13. LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2014). Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence based practice (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Elsevier.

Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter - 1283 Words

In the corners of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, stand two fascinating characters—Pearl and Roger Chillingsworth. In the story, Pearl is the illegitimate child of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, while Chillingsworth is Hester’s estranged husband who everyone thought was dead. Both of these two supporting characters have a surreal presences and each are deeply involved in Hester’s life, particularly her life after the discovery of her adultry. With as many similarities as they have, the reader may question what the respective rolls of these two characters are. Much has been said about the characters individually, but in this paper I will explore how the characters relate to each other in the telling of the story. Based on the similarities, differences, and roles that the characters play in the story; I will explain how they many in fact be read as foils of one another. Foils are characters who contrast starkly from one another in order to highlight each other’s traits. More often than not, the foils are created to be very similar in the beginning so that their differences stand out more clearly later on. This literary device is typically played out between a hero and a villain. In this mode, the characters of Chillingsworth and Pearl start out in the novel similarly. In addition to their relation to Hester and her sin, both characters are also associated with the wild. Pearl, as a child, is described as beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 972 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Black Man In The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. In the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, symbolism is the main feature of the story. Symbolism is used throughout the novel to describe every object in the story from the characters to the rosebush to the scarlet letter itself. One of the major symbols in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is the black man, who can not only beRead MoreScarlet Letter Character Analysis1081 Words   |  5 Pagesliterary works, which is expressed throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Pearl being an outcast from the rigid Puritan morals, and Hesters being independent and strong-willed challenges traditional society. These aspects all mirror the authors emotions and hardships of his early life through the literary element of characterization. Through the analysis of the main characters Hester and Pearl, we see how The Scarlet Letter is a reflection of Hawthornes life, and how the struggles and feelingsRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis : The Scarlet Letter 1354 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalytical Analysis Throughout The Scarlet Letter there are many Freudian symbolisms that can be found scattered throughout this American classic. In nearly every chapter there is at least one reference to a phallic or yonic symbols to demonstrate the longing for a male figure in both Pearl and Hester’s life, and the symbolism to depict the shift from id to ego. One of the earlier metaphors to symbolize Hester’s suppression is the scaffold that she stands upon in the first chapter of theRead MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 PagesComposition: Analysis – Chapter Nine, â€Å"The Leech† from the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1310 Words   |  6 Pages The characters in the Scarlet Letter are judged greatly through how and who they are able and unable to forgive. Such as the main female lead, Hester Prynne, and her struggle for the town to forgive her, finding the will to forgive herself and having God forgive her. Although, this was hard because every day she had to live with the scarlet letter upon her chest as a reminder of her sin. Another character that had one of the roughest times in the novel was Arthur Dimmesdale. This man kept a sinRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1645 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Scarlet Letter a young woman named Hester is criticized and mocked for having a young girl from an adulterous act with a sneaky pastor. The young girl will be named Pearl (named Pearl for having cost a great price). Throughout the novel as the characters develop and change the plot of the story develops into a riveting climax and an end no one could have imagined. Within the novel there are five major scenes that build up to the dramatic ending of The Scarlet Letter. The scenes in order areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 963 Words   |  4 Pagesare the source of them is the way to redemption. In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a Puritan woman named Hester Prynne commits the crime of adultery with the reverend of the town and bears a child from this unlawful union. Hester faces punishment in the form of a large scarlet letter â€Å"A† that she must wear upon her bosom so that all may know the sin of infidelity she has committed. In The Scarlet Letter, the evolvement and fate of the character of Hester Prynne demonstratesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1234 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Innab Mrs. Mogilefsky English 3 AP 31 August 2015 The Scarlet Letter Questions 1. One of the author’s purposes in delivering this literary piece to the public is to expose the hypocrisy of society. For example, when Hester chooses to accept her Scarlet Letter instead of wear it with shame, society looks at her as if there was something wrong with her conscience. Hawthorne states, â€Å"This morbid meddling of conscience with an immaterial matter betokened, is to be feared, no genuine and steadfastRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1610 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the mysterious ailment afflicting the minister is connected to her mother’s sin. -The townspeople do not see the obvious connection between Dimmesdale and Hester have even though they both are affected by the same place on the body (The scarlet letter on the heart and Dimmesdale hand over his heart). -Pearl connect Dimmesdale to the â€Å"Black Man† who is the devil, to show he has sinned -The townspeople ignore the obvious connection between Dimmesdale s declining health and Hester’s sin becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1233 Words   |  5 PagesKyle Cho Mr. Ertman AP Lit Per.4 2 November 2015 In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s time-honored novel, The Scarlet Letter, the relationship between Pearl and her biological father, Arthur Dimmesdale, changes from that of unfamiliarity and fear to one of love and acceptance. Throughout most of the novel, Dimmesdale is unable to face Pearl without being reminded of his sin and he becomes estranged to his own child. As a result, Pearl lacks a true connection with her father which becomes a detriment to her

Anisotropic Compressive Response Of Stone Thrower Wales...

Anisotropic compressive response of Stone-Thrower-Wales defects in graphene: A molecular dynamics study G. Rajasekaranï€ ª and Avinash Parashar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247667, India ABSTRACT: The mechanical properties of graphene sheet can be tailored with the help of topological defects. In this research article, the effects of Stone-Thrower-Wales (STW) defects on the mechanical properties of graphene sheet was investigated with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) based simulations. Authors has made an attempt to analyse the stress field developed in and around the vicinity of defect due to bond reorientation and further systematic evaluation has been carried out to study the effect of these stress fields against the applied axial compressive load. The results obtained with the pristine graphene were made to compare with the available open literature and the results were reported to be in good agreement with theoretical and experimental data. It was predicted that graphene with STW defect cannot able to bear compressive strength in zigzag direction, whereas on the other hand it was predicted that graphene sheet containing STW defect can bear higher compressive load in ar mchair direction, which shows an anisotropic response of STW defects in graphene. From the obtained results it can be observed that orientation of STW defects and the loading direction plays an important role to alter the strength ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Point And Line Defects On The Properties Of Graphene9719 Words   |  39 PagesEffect of Point and Line Defects on the Properties of Graphene: A Review Rajasekaran G, Prarthana Narayanan and Avinash Parashar* Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247667, India * Corresponding author: E-Mail: drap1fme@iitr.ac.in, Ph: +91-1332-284801 ABSTRACT New materials with distinctive properties are arising and attracting the scientific community at regular intervals. Stiffness and strength are the important factors in determining

Gendered Societal Expectations of Appearance and Their...

Gendered Societal Expectations of Appearance and Their Effects Upon the Individual It has long been generally accepted that we as humans are influenced greatly by the things that surround our everyday lives. These things can include friends, family, co-workers, the media and even society as a whole. The society in which people live can play a huge role in how they view themselves and how they view others. Over the years researchers have come up with many theories as to how and why society has such a large influence on people. Now-a-days there are appearance prescriptions for everything in our society. It is not good to be too fat, but it is not good to be too skinny either. The way a person looks, dresses and acts is a large†¦show more content†¦This study suggests â€Å"that body dissatisfaction may mediate the relationship between overweight and depression† (Chaiton, 2009). 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Opportunities that Globalisation Creates for Decision-Makers

Question: Analysis of the Opportunities and Threats that Globalisation Creates for Decision-Makers. Answer: Introduction In the current 21st Century, globalization and internationalization is very vital when operating a commercial industry (Gunnarsson, 2011). There are several motives for a company to prefer to operate abroad, for example when there are sales abroad while there is stagnation in the home market. Companies have a risk of losing their home markets when they fail to internationalize(Daniels, 2007). Firms also operate internationally due to development potentials, and to subside the cost of manufacturing and expenditures(Sergi, 2007). Firms are able to come up with new ideas and different methods for problem solving when they internationalize. Managers can be effective, innovative and develop their own expertise through implementation of wider horizons (Bennett, 1995).A company may decide not to internationalize but later on they may lack the home market since there is no domestic market that can be prevented from the invasion of competitors and foreign companies (Cullen, 2002). Local marke t can be threatened by the world economy however; the home companies will benefit due to the steady development in the global markets. Internationalization comes through the maintenance and establishment of connections in foreign countries(Jansson, 2007). The relationship is centered on trust and it is crucial that the participants trust one another (Gunnarsson, 2002). Studies shows that trust is the most significant factor in any business relationship in relationship marketing(Hunt, 1994). When parties understand one anothers problems, and come to know each other better, then the understanding of why the goods should be of good quality and why the consignments must be delivered on time is understood clearer. Emerging economies are countries that are regarded as underdeveloped in the past years but have now attained an economic development. Governments reformation and reduction of limitations in the foreign markets are the major contributors of emerging markets. Countries are transforming their economies, and in the coming decades developing markets will have a high segment in the growth of the world (Cavusgil, Ghauri Agarwal 2002). Entry strategy and negotiations are being carried out for countries that are interested in operating business in the developing markets (Cavusgil, 2012). Knowing the characteristics of a country market it is vital to have a suitable strategic entry in these developing markets. To be able to attract clients in these economies several strategies must be applied. Companies that cannot account for variability and rapid developments in these markets will lose. Developing market countries can be referred to as countries with the aim of reforming their economy through reduction of problems like poverty, infrastructure, and overpopulation while enhancing their GNP per capita. Internationally, these countries and economies are expected to play a significant purpose in business in the coming decades (Cavusgil, 2012). Despite of recent setbacks and some difficulties in the developing markets such as financial issues in Asia they remain to be centers of attention for firms striving for chances in the world market. These countries economies represent long-term development and extended trajectory(Atsmon, 2011). There has been a tremendous influence in the developing markets from the experience attained from Western markets. The developing markets have an opportunity to be on the same level with the developing countries through importation of technologies and knowledge and educating their students in abroad (Cavusgil, 2012). States in developing markets are good centers for investments since difficulties for direct investment are disappearing (Cavusgil, 2012). MNCs, multinational cooperations suggest that firms possess distributions, manufacturing and other units in overseas market have been established in the emerging markets like China, India and Russia over the past few decades (Jansson, 2007). There is growth and enormous demand for various goods such as phones and automobiles in those countries hence being considered as one of the main nations in developing markets. As stated by various studies, regarding internationalization, there are prospects and challenges in venturing international markets. The opportunities of growing international is that over half of the world populace are in the developing markets hence the chance of growth are very high as the developing rates of the Western markets. There is rapid industrialization and modernization in these economies. There are plenty of business prospects for firms created by the middle class in these economies (Cavusgil, Ghauri Agarwal, 2002). It is essential to have an understanding and a clear understanding of the approach of doing business in the emerging markets in order to be successful. It is also important for the Western countries to understand that there is no competition between the underdeveloped economies and them, and that these markets do not pose a threat to their success. Volvo Group Volvo is the leading global multinationals corporations that manufactures marine equipment, buses, construction equipment, aerospace components trucks, and industrial applications. It sales in more than 181 markets globally and has facilities in 20 countries (Thakkar, 2017). Their mission is to be the world leading transportation solution provider through the following four factors: creation of value to clients in specific segments, quality driving, environmental and safety care, construction of modern goods and services for infrastructure industries and transport. The four factors are also the core values of Volvo Group. The group also values working with zeal and energy and reverence for humanity It was in 1928, when the first Volvo truck was manufactured. Currently it is the second greatest constructor of heavy trucks which has created trust in solutions regarding transport worldwide. Worldwide Volvo trucks are serviced and sold in more than 130 countries, has 1,460 workshops and over 660 dealerships (Thakkar, 2017). Generally, Volvo has eight factories owned locally and nine assembly plants in the world. Volvo Group Trucks Technology is responsible for handling distribution of complete vehicles and services. Is also supports the goods in the aftermarket. It has over 10,000 labor force working under global terms. The main concern of Volvo team is the delivery of topnotch engineered products and services. The earliest Volvo truck, moved out of the plant in, India (Bangalore) in 1998 (Thakkar, 2017). The plant is armed with Volvos global quality standard norm, systems, tools, people who are dedicated, programs dealing with trainings and culture that is unbeatable driving towards a common goal: Production of outstanding quality Volvo trucks. The plant meets ISO 14,000 certification and ISO 9000 quality ethics for Environment standards (Thakkar, 2017). Volvo Group also has Volvo Powertrain, which produces motor vehicle components. It is the leading manufacturer of engine worldwide, and a focal point for Powertrain (Thakkar, 2017). Volvo is also among the leading heavy-duty diesel engines 9-18.5 liters manufactures in the world. Volvo Group operates in North-South America, Japan, France and Sweden. The Powertrain business unit, involves manufacturing and development activities with over 9000 workers globally (Thakkar, 2017). A joint venture company was launched in India in 2008. VECV vehicle is a shared venture between the Eicher motors and Volvo Group in India. Through this agreement Volvo Group sells trucks and buses under the Eicher brand in India. The joint venture is a 50:50 between the two firms. The point is to cooperate on development of the product, aftermarket support and purchasing. Mainly, from India there are 3000 workers working for VECV, although there are also experts from Brazil and France (Thakkar, 2017). The accomplishments within Volvo 3P, Volvo Technology, Volvo Powertrain, Nonautomotive Purchasing and Volvo Parts are collected from 1st January by Volvo Group Trucks Operations and Volvo Group Trucks Technology as the organizational department. Opportunities and challenges: Volvo Group Social/ cultural environment There were major reasons for the launching of Volvo 3P supplementary in India. One of the reasons was that, there was possible and large reservation of competence in the engineering field in India. Bjrn Flood saw many engineering university graduates every year. According to him this created a base for recruitment for the growth of a company. Therefore, India is definitely a place where plants need to be to get the skills they require and seek the future (Vira, 2015) The Indian people were the opportunity for Volvo Group. The Indian people are focused, energetic and wanted to have something in life and gain at the end of the day. Also, the people India are respectful when it comes to administration and law. India is also a complicated country with not so educated, poor but skilled people in various areas hence being an opportunity for a company. Big turnover of people is one of the biggest challenge in India. Volvo 3P has 10% to 15% turnover of employees per annual therefore recruitment is severe due to the population pressure. In India is difficult to get competent people despite the high population. In India, the average age is 30 whereas in Europe is 42 therefore all young people are in need of in getting new, high salaries and wages and good jobs which makes the recruitment process very hard (Vira, 2015) Whenever the company wants to increase 100- 200 people per year they only have a turnout of 60. There is also a low level of experience due to low average age in India. This means that Volvo 3P has to internally train the recruits to reach their competence level which places pressure on their system. Therefore, in order to deal with these challenges the company has French supervisors and Swedish administrators in India who are trained to handle the systems and law regulation Legal environment There are few legal aspects in India. This makes Volvo Group to have little legal matters to handled. By the fact that Volvo is a big company with a lot of knowledge and people the task is not done by one individual but through the contribution and participation of various people. Hence disputes and conflict resolution are easy to reach (Vira, 2015) Volvo as a company made sure that all the legal procedural issues are handle before the opening of the company. Economic environment The most significant reason and one of the opportunities for starting Volvo 3P in India, was that India and especially Asia was in a developmental phase (Vira, 2015). Volvo 3P required a place they could begin production activities which was the major task of Volvo Group. Another opportunity is that there is cheap labor in India and the salaries have stagnated for the last 10 to 15 years (Vira, 2015). The major challenge for this company is the way of sending money. There should be safety precautions put in place when transferring money especially to other countries which involve India. The company has managed to deal with this challenge through the creation of a special department handling this issue. The special department is contacted by Volvo 3P and they tackle the issue Therefore. it is no longer considered an issue any longer. Political environment Volvo has established a good relationship with the local government therefore, they do not have any issues with the government. Additionally, Volvo has many connections with the local administration of the area (Vira, 2015). There are also several things occurring among Sweden and India. The fact that Indian people understand the people of Sweden well becomes a positive implication to both the parties. The king of Sweden has visited India on many occasions and there is also cultural collaboration amongst Gothenburg and Bangalore. Volvo also has offices in Sweden (Vira, 2015). Because the government need more companies to be established it is complaisant. The challenge that Volvo has is the process of establishing other company through the government procedures which is tiring and very complex to handle. Technological environment In the past decades, the company had some issues in terms of infrastructure in India which is a small airport. However, the nearness of the small airport to Bangalore was still an opportunity since it assisted in transportation of small deliverables. Currently India has big airports that are better than the old ones. Knowing that the government was constructing bigger and better airport was among the reasons why Volvo decided to operate in India. Having one direct flight coming from Europe to Bangalore was the other challenge (Vira, 2015). Today there are three flight, Lufthansa British Airways and Air France. The planes are always full since the city is among the famous places worldwide hence the need for early booking. It is very important to note that the challenges are being deliberated on by the government to foster development. Due to infrastructure issues, there is almost limited places for other companies construction. The fact that India is a big city there is traffic since people commute to work hence taking a longer time going and coming from work (Vira, 2015). To handle work and travel problems they apply flexible time whereby, the workers can select depending on their work hours to come late or early and complete work late or earlier. They also offer special transport for their worker taking them to work and back to their various destinations. Lessons for International Business Managers. World business managers role for the displacement of essential resources and assets is close to the shaping of an integrated strategy. Business manager, usually depend on the effort of functional and regional heads. The business manager is the initiator and leader of debate on where major factories, sales offices and technical centers should be situated and which ones should be shut down. In multinational corporations, access to strategically important assets and information, control over has driven country managers into handling central roles (Sergi, 2007). In the current multicultural global business society, managers often encounter cultural disparities, which frequently hinder the completion of successful projects. However, the efficient application of cross cultural groups can offer a source of inventive thinking and knowledge which can boost the competitive stand of a firm. In order, to attain project aims and prevent cultural misunderstandings, project managers should encourage creativity and culturally sensitiveness and flexible leadership motivation. World project management can be successful through cross-cultural communication, mutual respect and effective leadership (Sergi, 2007). Without the three aspects, the company is destined to collapse. To settle potential communication barriers international business managers should effectively use cross-cultural teams. Several projects are being implemented by multicultural teams. It is important for international business managers to learn that in order to attain the project goals and prevent possible threats they should be sensitive to peoples culture, encourage creativity and enhance good leadership. This means that global business leaders should try to create a good environment where multiple voices are listened to and their opinions and views valued and regarded as important. Conclusion Globalization and internationalization is very vital when operating a business. Through internationalization, firms are able to come up with new ideas and different methods for problem solving. Internationalization comes through the maintenance and establishment of connections in foreign countries. Countries are transforming their economies, and in the coming years developing markets will have a high stake in the growth of the world. There are prospects and challenges in venturing international markets. Therefore, it is essential to have an understanding and a clear understanding of the approaches of doing business in the emerging markets in order to be successful. In multinational corporations, access to strategically important assets and information, driven international business managers into handling central roles. Hence, to attain project aims and prevent cultural misunderstandings, project managers should encourage creativity, culturally sensitiveness and flexible leadership mo tivation. This means that global business leaders should try to create a good environment where multiple voices are listened to and their views and opinions should be valued and regarded as important. References Atsmon, K. . V., 2011. Is your emerging-market strategy local enough, s.l.: McKinsey Company. Bennett, 1995. International MarketingStrategy, Planning, Market entry Implementation., London: Kogan Page Limited.. Cavusgil, K. . R., 2012. International business, The New Realities, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Cullen, J. B., 2002. Multinational Management: A Strategic Approach , Cincinnati, OH.. 2 ed. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing. Daniels, R. . S., 2007. International business environment and operations. 13 ed. Edinburgh: PEARSON Education. Gunnarsson, A., 2011. The selection of Entry Modes When Penetrating Market. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.3-18. Available at: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:421070/. Hunt Morgan, 1994. The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), pp. 20-38. Jansson, 2007. International Business Marketing in Emerging Country Markets-The Third Wave of Internationalization of Firms, Northampton USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Sergi, A. ., 2007. Global business management: A cross cultural prospective., Unknown: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Thakkar, K., 2017. Volvo seeks to be an established brand in Indias luxury car space: Tom Von Bonsdorff, Volvo MD. [online] The Economic Times. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/volvo-seeks-to-be-an established-brand-in-indias-luxury-car-space-tom-von-bonsdorff-volvo-md/articleshow/50114709. Vira, D., 2015. Volvo Plans To Bring Performance Polestar Brand To India. [online] MotorBeam. Available at: https://www.motorbeam.com/2015/07/cars/volvo-cars/volvo-plans-to-bring-performance-polestar-brand-to-india/